# one package below requires that you use devtools to install it manually:# first install devtools by# install.packages('devtools')library(RISEkbmRasch) # devtools::install_github("pgmj/RISEkbmRasch")library(grateful)library(ggrepel)library(car)library(kableExtra)library(readxl)library(tidyverse)library(eRm)library(mirt)library(psych)library(psychotree)library(matrixStats)library(reshape)library(knitr)library(patchwork)library(formattable) library(glue)### optional libraries#library(TAM)#library(skimr)### some commands exist in multiple packages, here we define preferred ones that are frequently usedselect <- dplyr::selectcount <- dplyr::countrecode <- car::recoderename <- dplyr::renamesource("RISE_theme.R")
Code
### other, bigger dataset from [@echeverría2017]### read filedf.all <-read_excel("data/data_sMHCSF_Echeverria2017.xlsx")df <- df.all### create dif variablesdif.sex <-factor(df$Sex)df$Sex <-NULL### Load item information# make sure that variable names in df match with itemlabels$itemnritemlabels <-read_excel("data/itemlabels_MHC_SF.xlsx") %>%mutate(item =str_squish(item))names(df) <- itemlabels$itemnrdf <- df %>%mutate(across(everything(), ~ car::recode(.x,"'Never'=0;'1 or 2 times a month'=1;'About 1 time a week'=2;'About 2 or 3 times a week'=3;'Almost daily'=4;'Daily'=5", as.factor =FALSE)))
0.1 Introduction
In a paper recently made available as a preprint (Johansson et al. 2023), we argue that the basic aspects of a psychometric analysis should include information about five basic criteria:
Unidimensionality
Response categories
Invariance
Targeting
Measurement uncertainties (reliability)
0.2 About the MHC-SF
The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a well-being scale designed to assess emotional, psychological and social well-being (Keyes 2009). The dataset for this analysis was made available as open data connected to a psychometric analysis publication (Echeverría et al. 2017, n.d.).
While there are papers suggesting a three factor or bi-factor model for the MHC-SF, in practice it is usually used as a sum scored unidimensional scale, which is why our analyses will focus on how the data fits a unidimensional model.
Here is some text about the MHC-SF that I wrote some years back when investigating different well-being questionnaires:
Flourishing & Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF, Keyes, 2014). 14 items (derived from the 40-item long version) measuring the following three aspects of flourishing (Keyes, 2002, 2005, 2006): emotional wellbeing (3 items; e.g., “In the past month, how often have you felt happy?”); psychological wellbeing (6 items); e.g., “In the past month, how often did you feel good at managing the responsibilities of your daily life?”); and social wellbeing (5 items; e.g., “In the past month, how often did you feel that you belonged to a community like a social group, your school, or your neighborhood?”). Participants rated their responses using a scale with the following labels: 1 (Never), 2 (Once or twice), 3 (About once a week), 4 (Two or three times a week), 5 (Almost every day), and 6 (Every day). (Paragraph copied from (Sahdra et al., 2016)).
Other factor structures have been proposed as well, such as a bi-factor model, combining the three factors with a general well-being factor (de Bruin & du Plessis, 2015; Lamborn et al., 2018) and a 2-factor model with mental health and mental illness as correlated factors (Lamers et al., 2011), but in general the 3-factor model seems replicable. IRT analysis (Lamers et al., 2012) showed DIF for gender (item 8), age (items 10 and 12) and education level (item 5), estimated to be of non-significant impact on latent scales (but says nothing about sum scores). Items 4 and 5 from the social well-being subscale have been found to have very low factors loadings (.32-.34) in two papers (Lamers et al., 2011; Lupano Perugini et al., 2017).
0.2.1 Items
Code
RIlistitems(df)
itemnr
item
mhc1
Happy
mhc2
Interested in life
mhc3
Satisfied with your life
mhc4
That you had something important to contribute to society?
mhc5
That you belonged to a community?
mhc6
That our society is becoming a better place for people like you?
mhc7
That people are basically good?
mhc8
That the way our society works makes sense to you?
mhc9
That you liked most parts of your personality?
mhc10
Good at managing the responsibilities of your daily life?
mhc11
That you had warm and trusting relationships with others?
mhc12
That you had experiences that challenged you to grow and become a better person?
mhc13
Confident to think or express your own ideas and opinions?
mhc14
That your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?
0.2.2 Response categories
‘Never’,
‘1 or 2 times a month’,
‘About 1 time a week’,
‘About 2 or 3 times a week’,
‘Almost daily’,
‘Daily’
0.3 Demographics
Code
RIdemographics(dif.sex, "Gender")
Gender
n
Percent
Man
962
28.7
Woman
2393
71.3
0.4 Descriptives
Response distribution for all items are summarized below.
Code
# Specify the numeric-to-label mappingnumeric_to_labels <-c('Never', '1 or 2 times a month', 'About 1 time a week', 'About 2 or 3 times a week', 'Almost daily', 'Daily')df %>%mutate(across(everything(), ~factor(.x, labels = numeric_to_labels))) %>%RIallresp()
Response category
Number of responses
Percent
Never
4439
9.5
1 or 2 times a month
5742
12.2
About 1 time a week
5053
10.8
About 2 or 3 times a week
7895
16.8
Almost daily
13076
27.8
Daily
10765
22.9
0.4.1 Descriptives - item level
Code
RIlistItemsMargin(df, fontsize =12)
itemnr
item
mhc1
Happy
mhc2
Interested in life
mhc3
Satisfied with your life
mhc4
That you had something important to contribute to society?
mhc5
That you belonged to a community?
mhc6
That our society is becoming a better place for people like you?
mhc7
That people are basically good?
mhc8
That the way our society works makes sense to you?
mhc9
That you liked most parts of your personality?
mhc10
Good at managing the responsibilities of your daily life?
mhc11
That you had warm and trusting relationships with others?
mhc12
That you had experiences that challenged you to grow and become a better person?
mhc13
Confident to think or express your own ideas and opinions?
mhc14
That your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?
RIbarstack(df) +scale_fill_viridis_d(labels =rev(numeric_to_labels), direction =-1)
Code
RIbarplot(df)
Code
RImissing(df)
0.5 References
Echeverría, Guadalupe, Manuel Torres-Sahli, Nuria Pedrals, Oslando Padilla, Attilio Rigotti, and Marcela Bitran. 2017. “Validation of a Spanish Version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form Questionnaire.”Psicothema 29 (February): 96–102. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.3.
Johansson, Magnus, Marit Preuter, Simon Karlsson, Marie-Louise Möllerberg, Hanna Svensson, and Jeanette Melin. 2023. “Valid and Reliable? Basic and Expanded Recommendations for Psychometric Reporting and Quality Assessment.”https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3htzc.